{"id":10230,"date":"2014-05-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-05-14T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/"},"modified":"2023-03-12T03:51:26","modified_gmt":"2023-03-12T03:51:26","slug":"%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=10230","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649
\n\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 : \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 ) . <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645\u060c  \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645\u060c  \u0627\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629  \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629  \u060c
\n\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 ( \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629  : \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629)
\n\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 11\/5\/2014 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629  \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629  .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 :<\/span><\/p>\n

1-      \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 .<\/span><\/p>\n

2-      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0629 . <\/span><\/p>\n

3-      \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 . <\/span><\/p>\n

4-      \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 .<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646
\n\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c<\/span> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 ) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a – \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631  \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 .<\/span><\/p>\n

       \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0629 )
\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 
\n– \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629  – \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 .<\/span><\/p>\n

       \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 )
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u060c
\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0628\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a – \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 .<\/span><\/p>\n

       \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 )
\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645  – \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u060c  
\n\u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 .<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 
\n \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639
\n\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629  . <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629  .
\n\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 ( \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 : \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 ) .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10231,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-97","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10230"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22088,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10230\/revisions\/22088"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}