{"id":49442,"date":"2025-07-24T13:08:24","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T10:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=49442"},"modified":"2025-07-24T13:08:26","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T10:08:26","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=49442","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"49442\" class=\"elementor elementor-49442\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b087fc2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"b087fc2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a053998 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"3a053998\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1547d8fd exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1547d8fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-49445 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-2-20-216x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-2-20-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-2-20-600x835.jpg 600w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-2-20-736x1024.jpg 736w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-2-20-768x1069.jpg 768w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-2-20.jpg 920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 216px) 100vw, 216px\" \/>\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629 ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences \u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <br \/>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e.<br \/>\u0648 \u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. <br \/>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<br \/>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 1.88% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u064835.9% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u064825.8% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u064881.17% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u064884.58% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 94.85%\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<br \/>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/isprs-annals.copernicus.org\/articles\/X-G-2025\/445\/2025\/isprs-annals-X-G-2025-445-2025.pdf\">https:\/\/isprs-annals.copernicus.org\/articles\/X-G-2025\/445\/2025\/isprs-annals-X-G-2025-445-2025.pdf<\/a><br \/>https:\/\/isprs-annals.copernicus.org\/articles\/X-G-2025\/<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fb37bcc exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"2fb37bcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:1,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-1-20.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"2fb37bcc\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NDk0NDQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9lbmdpbmVlcmluZy51b2RpeWFsYS5lZHUuaXFcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA3XC8xLTEtMjAuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMmZiMzdiY2MifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/1-1-20-300x158.jpg\" data-width=\"300\" data-height=\"158\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\/ \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629 ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences \u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646 &hellip; 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