{"id":50651,"date":"2025-10-15T13:06:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:06:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=50651"},"modified":"2025-10-15T13:06:20","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T10:06:20","slug":"%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%b5%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=50651","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"50651\" class=\"elementor elementor-50651\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d35ccb2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"5d35ccb2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27d46dbf exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"27d46dbf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15dad969 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"15dad969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-50655 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-4-12-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-4-12-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-4-12-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-4-12-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-4-12-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-4-12.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u063a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><p>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 (SPSS, Excel)\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (APA, MLA, Chicago)\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p><p>\u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f04628f exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"6f04628f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-50651 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6f04628f\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 (7)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTA2NTgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9lbmdpbmVlcmluZy51b2RpeWFsYS5lZHUuaXFcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzEwXC8xLTctNC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI2ZjA0NjI4ZiJ9\" href='https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-7-4.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-7-4-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-7-4-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-7-4-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-7-4-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6f04628f\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 (6)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTA2NTcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9lbmdpbmVlcmluZy51b2RpeWFsYS5lZHUuaXFcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzEwXC8xLTYtNi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI2ZjA0NjI4ZiJ9\" href='https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-6-6.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-6-6-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-6-6-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-6-6-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-6-6-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6f04628f\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 (5)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTA2NTYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9lbmdpbmVlcmluZy51b2RpeWFsYS5lZHUuaXFcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzEwXC8xLTUtOS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI2ZjA0NjI4ZiJ9\" href='https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-5-9.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-5-9-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-5-9-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-5-9-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-5-9-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6f04628f\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 (3)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTA2NTQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9lbmdpbmVlcmluZy51b2RpeWFsYS5lZHUuaXFcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzEwXC8xLTMtMTQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNmYwNDYyOGYifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-3-14.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-3-14-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-3-14-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-3-14-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-3-14-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6f04628f\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 (2)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTA2NTMsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9lbmdpbmVlcmluZy51b2RpeWFsYS5lZHUuaXFcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzEwXC8xLTItMTMuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNmYwNDYyOGYifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-2-13.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-2-13-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-2-13-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-2-13-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-2-13-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"6f04628f\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTA2NTIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9lbmdpbmVlcmluZy51b2RpeWFsYS5lZHUuaXFcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzEwXC8xLTEtMTUuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiNmYwNDYyOGYifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-1-15.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-1-15-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-1-15-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-1-15-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1-1-15-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" 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