{"id":53551,"date":"2025-12-15T09:06:21","date_gmt":"2025-12-15T06:06:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=53551"},"modified":"2025-12-15T09:06:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T06:06:29","slug":"%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%82-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=53551","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"53551\" class=\"elementor elementor-53551\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6db93c98 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"6db93c98\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-610b161 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"610b161\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e1bff87 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e1bff87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-53556 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-15_09-01-22-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-15_09-01-22-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-15_09-01-22-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-15_09-01-22-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-15_09-01-22-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-15_09-01-22.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p>\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 (Errors Measurements) \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u00bb\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (Error) \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a (Residual) \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 (Deviation) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 (Uncertainty) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (ME)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 (MAE)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (RMSE)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647.<\/p><p>\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064f\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0648MAE \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f MSE \u0648RMSE \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 RMSE \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648MAE \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c (Robustness)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (R\u00b2) \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 RMSE \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648MAE \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621.<\/p><p>\u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c23616e exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"3c23616e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-53551 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"3c23616e\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"photo_2025-12-15_09-01-18\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTM1NTUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9lbmdpbmVlcmluZy51b2RpeWFsYS5lZHUuaXFcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzEyXC9waG90b18yMDI1LTEyLTE1XzA5LTAxLTE4LmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjNjMjM2MTZlIn0%3D\" href='https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-15_09-01-18.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-15_09-01-18-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-15_09-01-18-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/photo_2025-12-15_09-01-18-300x300.jpg 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\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u00bb\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f &hellip; 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