{"id":54810,"date":"2026-01-22T12:37:51","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T09:37:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=54810"},"modified":"2026-01-22T12:38:00","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T09:38:00","slug":"%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=54810","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"<\/p>

\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>

\u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>

\u0648\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>

\u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629.<\/p>


\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\"\"<\/a>\n\"\"<\/a>\n\"\"<\/a>\n\"\"<\/a>\n\"\"<\/a>\n\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0646\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[97,111,173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-97","category-111","category-173","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54810"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54825,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54810\/revisions\/54825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=54810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=54810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}