{"id":56916,"date":"2026-04-15T11:19:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T08:19:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=56916"},"modified":"2026-04-15T11:19:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T08:19:04","slug":"%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b2%d9%91%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%b4%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=56916","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"56916\" class=\"elementor elementor-56916\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-276f4ac2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"276f4ac2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c455d2 exad-glass-effect-no exad-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"9c455d2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3468335c exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3468335c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-56920 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-3-4-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-3-4-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-3-4-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-3-4-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-3-4.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/>\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 (\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a).<\/p><p>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/p><p>\u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p><p>\u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 (16) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-376f9b37 exad-sticky-section-no exad-glass-effect-no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"376f9b37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"376f9b37\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 (2)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTY5MTksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9lbmdpbmVlcmluZy51b2RpeWFsYS5lZHUuaXFcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC8xLTItNS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIzNzZmOWIzNyJ9\" href='https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-2-5.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-2-5-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-2-5-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-2-5-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-2-5-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"376f9b37\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"1 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTY5MTgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9lbmdpbmVlcmluZy51b2RpeWFsYS5lZHUuaXFcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC8xLTEtNi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIzNzZmOWIzNyJ9\" href='https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-1-6.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-1-6-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-1-6-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-1-6-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-1-6-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 (\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 &hellip; 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