{"id":59070,"date":"2026-05-21T12:28:52","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T09:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=59070"},"modified":"2026-05-21T12:28:53","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T09:28:53","slug":"%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%86%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/?p=59070","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\"\"\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u201c\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f: \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u201d
\u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0645.\u062f. \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648 \u0645.\u0645. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>

\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u201d \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/p>

\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064f\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>

\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\"\"<\/a>\n\"\"<\/a>\n\"\"<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:\u201c\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f: \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u201d\u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0645.\u062f. \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648 \u0645.\u0645. \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[97,107,354],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-97","category-107","category-354","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=59070"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59070\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59081,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59070\/revisions\/59081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=59070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=59070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engineering.uodiyala.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=59070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}